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the Copernican theory

  • 1 Copernican

    Copernican [kə'pɜ:nɪkən]
    Astronomy copernicien
    ►► the Copernican revolution la révolution copernicienne;

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > Copernican

  • 2 Copernican system

    ( astronomi) det kopernikanske verdensbildet, det kopernikanske verdenssystemet

    English-Norwegian dictionary > Copernican system

  • 3 theory

    теория
    @theory of general relativity
    общая теория относительности
    @theories of radiative transfer
    теория переноса излучения
    @theory of the Moon's motion
    теория движения Луны
    @theory of the Universe
    теоретическая модель Вселенной
    @capture theory
    теория [гипотеза] захвата
    @capture theory of origin
    теория захвата в гипотезе о происхождении (Солнечной системы)
    @classical theory
    1.классическая теория 2.классическая космология
    @Copernican theory
    система мира Коперника
    @cosmological theory
    космологическая теория
    @densitu wave theory
    теория волн плотности
    @disruption theory
    теория [гипотеза] распада
    @eclipse theory
    теория затмений
    @evolutionary theory
    1.эволюционная теория 2.теория нестационарной Вселенной
    @explosion theory
    теория нестационарной Вселенной
    @field theory
    теория поля
    @general theory of relativity
    см. theory of general relativity
    @gravitational theory
    теория гравитации
    @lunar theory
    теория (движения) Луны
    @meteoric theory
    метеорная теория
    @Newtonian theory
    теория тяготения Ньютона
    @planetary theory
    теория (движения) планет
    @pulsation theory
    теория пульсаций (звезд)
    @relativistic theory
    теория относительности
    @scattering theory
    теория рассеяния
    @special theory of relativity
    специальная теория относительности
    @steady-state theory
    теория стационарной Вселенной
    @Stephenson's theory of Mercurian magnetic field
    теория Стефенсона об образовании магнитного поля Меркурия
    @string theory
    теория струн
    @superstring theory
    теория суперструн
    @synchrotron theory
    синхротронная теория
    @tidal theory
    теория приливов
    @time independent perturbation theory
    стационарная теория возмущений
    @unified field theory
    единая теория поля
    @volcanic theory
    вулканическая теория
    @

    English-Russian astronomy dictionary > theory

  • 4 Galilei, Galileo

    [br]
    b. 15 February 1564 Pisa, Italy
    d. 8 January 1642 Arcetri, near Florence, Italy
    [br]
    Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist who established the principle of the pendulum and was first to exploit the telescope.
    [br]
    Galileo began studying medicine at the University of Pisa but soon turned to his real interests, mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. He became Professor of Mathematics at Pisa at the age of 25 and three years later moved to Padua. In 1610 he transferred to Florence. While still a student he discovered the isochronous property of the pendulum, probably by timing with his pulse the swings of a hanging lamp during a religious ceremony in Pisa Cathedral. He later designed a pendulum-controlled clock, but it was not constructed until after his death, and then not successfully; the first successful pendulum clock was made by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in 1656. Around 1590 Galileo established the laws of motion of falling bodies, by timing rolling balls down inclined planes and not, as was once widely believed, by dropping different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. These and other observations received definitive treatment in his Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti alla, meccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…) which was completed in 1634 and first printed in 1638. This work also included Galileo's proof that the path of a projectile was a parabola and, most importantly, the development of the concept of inertia.
    In astronomy Galileo adopted the Copernican heliocentric theory of the universe while still in his twenties, but he lacked the evidence to promote it publicly. That evidence came with the invention of the telescope by the Dutch brothers Lippershey. Galileo heard of its invention in 1609 and had his own instrument constructed, with a convex object lens and concave eyepiece, a form which came to be known as the Galilean telescope. Galileo was the first to exploit the telescope successfully with a series of striking astronomical discoveries. He was also the first to publish the results of observations with the telescope, in his Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) of 1610. All the discoveries told against the traditional view of the universe inherited from the ancient Greeks, and one in particular, that of the four satellites in orbit around Jupiter, supported the Copernican theory in that it showed that there could be another centre of motion in the universe besides the Earth: if Jupiter, why not the Sun? Galileo now felt confident enough to advocate the theory, but the advance of new ideas was opposed, not for the first or last time, by established opinion, personified in Galileo's time by the ecclesiastical authorities in Rome. Eventually he was forced to renounce the Copernican theory, at least in public, and turn to less contentious subjects such as the "two new sciences" of his last and most important work.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1610, Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger); translation by A.Van Helden, 1989, Sidereus Nuncius, or the Sidereal Messenger; Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    1623, Il Saggiatore (The Assayer).
    1632, Dialogo sopre i due massimi sistemi del mondo, tolemaico e copernicano (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican); translation, 1967, Berkeley: University of California Press.
    1638, Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti alla
    meccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…); translation, 1991, Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books (reprint).
    Further Reading
    G.de Santillana, 1955, The Crime of Galileo, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; also 1958, London: Heinemann.
    H.Stillman Drake, 1980, Galileo, Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks. M.Sharratt, 1994, Galileo: Decisive Innovator, Oxford: Blackwell.
    J.Reston, 1994, Galileo: A Life, New York: HarperCollins; also 1994, London: Cassell.
    A.Fantoli, 1994, Galileo: For Copemicanism and for the Church, trans. G.V.Coyne, South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Galilei, Galileo

  • 5 parent

    noun
    Elternteil, der

    parents — Eltern Pl.; attrib. Stamm[firma, -organisation]

    * * *
    ['peərənt]
    1) (one of the two persons etc (one male and one female) who are jointly the cause of one's birth.) der Elternteil
    2) (a person with the legal position of a mother or father eg by adoption.) der Elternteil
    •
    - academic.ru/53588/parentage">parentage
    - parental
    - parenthood
    * * *
    par·ent
    [ˈpeərənt, AM ˈper-]
    I. n
    1. of a child Elternteil m
    ▪ \parents Eltern pl
    single \parent Alleinerziehende(r) f(m)
    2. of an animal Elterntier nt
    ▪ \parents pl Elternpaar nt, Elterntiere pl; of a plant Mutterpflanze f
    3. (parent company) Muttergesellschaft f
    II. n modifier
    1. (of parents) Eltern-
    \parent organization Mutterorganisation f
    3. CHEM
    \parent solution Stammlösung f
    III. vt
    ▪ to \parent sb jdn großziehen
    * * *
    ['pEərənt]
    1. n

    parents — Eltern pl

    the duties of a parent —

    the Copernican theory is the parent of modern astronomy — die moderne Astronomie geht auf die Lehren des Kopernikus zurück

    2. attr
    * * *
    parent [ˈpeərənt; US ˈpær-; ˈper-]
    A s
    1. Elternteil m, pl Eltern pl:
    parent-teacher association SCHULE Eltern-Lehrer-Vertretung f;
    parents’ night SCHULE Elternabend m
    2. Vorfahr(in), Stammvater m, -mutter f:
    our first parents, Adam and Eve unsere Voreltern, Adam und Eva
    3. BIOL Elter n/m
    4. fig
    a) Urheber(in)
    b) Ursprung m, Ursache f
    5. WIRTSCH Mutter f (Muttergesellschaft)
    B adj
    1. BIOL Stamm…, Mutter…:
    parent cell Mutterzelle f
    2. ursprünglich, Ur…:
    parent form Urform f
    3. fig Mutter…, Stamm…:
    parent atom PHYS Ausgangsatom n;
    parent company WIRTSCH Stammhaus n, Muttergesellschaft f;
    parent folder COMPUT übergeordneter Ordner;
    parent frequencies Primärfrequenzen;
    parent lattice PHYS Hauptgitter n;
    a) Urstoff m,
    b) GEOL Mutter-, Ausgangsgestein n;
    parent organization Dachorganisation f;
    parent patent JUR Stammpatent n;
    parent rock GEOL Mutter-, Ausgangsgestein n;
    parent ship SCHIFF, MIL Mutterschiff n;
    parent unit MIL Stammtruppenteil m
    * * *
    noun
    Elternteil, der

    parents — Eltern Pl.; attrib. Stamm[firma, -organisation]

    * * *
    n.
    Elternteil m.

    English-german dictionary > parent

См. также в других словарях:

  • Copernican Theory —    The astronomical theory propounded by Nicolas Copernicus that the sun was the centre of the solar system …   Who’s Who in Christianity

  • Theory — The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion.In science a theory is a testable model of the manner of interaction of a set of natural phenomena,… …   Wikipedia

  • Copernican system — n. the theory of Copernicus that the planets revolve around the sun and that the turning of the earth on its axis from west to east accounts for the apparent rising and setting of the stars: basis of modern astronomy * * * or Copernican principle …   Universalium

  • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions — (1962), by Thomas Kuhn, is an analysis of the history of science. Its publication was a landmark event in the sociology of knowledge, and popularized the terms paradigm and paradigm shift .HistoryThe work was first published as a monograph in the …   Wikipedia

  • Copernican system — (also Copernican theory) ► NOUN ▪ the theory proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 1543) that the sun is the centre of the solar system, with the planets (including the earth) orbiting round it. Compare with PTOLEMAIC… …   English terms dictionary

  • Theory of impetus — The theory of impetus was an antiquated auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. It was first introduced by Hipparchus in antiquity, and subsequently further… …   Wikipedia

  • The World (Descartes) — The World , originally titled Le Monde and also called Treatise on the Light , is a book by René Descartes (1596 ndash;1650). Written between 1629 and 1633, it contains a relatively complete version of his philosophy, from method, to metaphysics …   Wikipedia

  • Copernican System —    The heliocentric or sun centered theory of the universe was postulated by a great Polish astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 1543). For more than fourteen hundred years people had accepted the system of Ptolemy, namely, that the sun moved… …   Dictionary of eponyms

  • Copernican heliocentrism — Heliocentric model from Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus orbium coelestium Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of… …   Wikipedia

  • Copernican Revolution — For the 1957 book by Thomas Kuhn, see The Copernican Revolution (book). For metaphorical uses of the term, see Copernican Revolution (metaphor). Motion of Sun, Earth, and Mars according to heliocentrism (left) and to geocentrism (right), before… …   Wikipedia

  • The War of the Worlds — War of the Worlds redirects here. For the various other adaptations, see Adaptations of The War of the Worlds. For other uses, see The War of the Worlds (disambiguation). The War of the Worlds   …   Wikipedia

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